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2011 Honda BRIO breaks cover

Tuesday, November 30th, 2010

Honda today debuted the world premiere of a prototype of Honda BRIO, the new small-sized vehicle developed for Asian markets and scheduled to be introduced in Thailand and India in 2011, at the 27th Thailand International Motor Expo starting November 30, 2010 (press day: November 30, public days: December 1-12.)

Honda BRIO Prototype is being developed with Honda’s advanced technologies, while further advancing Honda’s “man maximum, machine minimum” concept*1. Being developed as a commuter which is easy-to-use even in urban areas, the Honda BRIO prototype adopts an easy-to-handle compact body (length 3,610mm x width 1,680mm x height 1,475 mm) while ensuring enough cabin space achieved by highly efficient packaging. With this vehicle, Honda thoroughly pursued the creation of an advanced exterior form, which is compact while asserting a strong presence.

For the mass-production model, which will be an entry-level car, for which demand is increasing in newly emerging nations, Honda will develop unique versions for Thailand and India to reflect different customer needs in those markets. Moreover, with this vehicle, Honda will leverage the resources Honda has cultivated through its motorcycle business and utilize local sourcing of parts and materials such as sheet steel.

For the Thai model that is scheduled to be introduced in March 2011, the fuel economy of more than 5liters/100km*2 will be targeted so that the vehicle will qualify as an eco-car by the Thai government, and a starting price of approximately 400,000 baht will be targeted as well. For the Indian model that is scheduled to be introduced within 2011, local customer needs for a small car will be reflected and local content will be increased to create a model that achieves a good balance between vehicle performance and price.

“Honda would like to expand the joy of mobility to more customers in Thailand, India and other Asian countries through the introduction of a new small vehicle with compact and highly efficient packaging by utilizing our own experiences cultivated by motorcycle business here in Asia,” said Takanobu Ito, President and CEO of Honda Motor.

*1 Honda’s “man maximum, machine minimum” concept is a basic approach to Honda car design calling for maximizing the space available for people and minimizing the space required for mechanical components.
*2 Measures with ECE R101 mode

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BMW Concept 6 Series Coupe Official Detail

Sunday, September 19th, 2010

The BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé is a fascinating vision that blends traditional values with innovative design language. This concept model, unveiled for the first time at the 2010 Mondial de l’Automobile in Paris, showcases the experience the brand has acquired in more than 70 years of building sporty and elegant coupés. It also paves the way for a new, aesthetically powerful and dynamic interpretation of this breed of vehicle. With the BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé, the German premium carmaker is presenting a new definition of luxury-class 2+2-seater driving enjoyment and exclusiveness.

The powerful proportions and sporty yet elegant lines of the BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé provide the perfect packaging for its dynamic performance and personality. All the classic hallmarks of a BMW coupé are present, including the stretched bonnet, the short front overhang, a passenger compartment set well to the rear, and a low silhouette incorporating a dynamically flowing roofline. The principal bodywork lines run the full length of the concept model, and there is a strong sense of stylistic unity between all the different parts of the vehicle. The lines and surfaces seem to ripple out in a dynamic, pulsating wave.

Eye-catching features of the concept model include the new LED headlights, which combine the typical BMW twin round headlight format with innovative lighting technology. The all-LED design, featured for the first time on a BMW, produces a strikingly bright white light with very sharp and intensive road illumination. The functionality includes Adaptive Headlights, i.e. the headlight beam follows the road at all times. The LED rings for the daytime driving lights accentuate the characteristic, unmistakable BMW front-end styling.

The interior of the BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé conveys functionality, elegance and exclusiveness. The fluent lines and smooth transitions in the cockpit area produce an ambience that extends to the whole interior, embracing both the front- and the rear-seat occupants. The driver-centric interior design is typical of BMW and a hallmark of a sports coupé. Keynotes are the exceptionally stylish design in the centre console area and, providing a further innovative touch, the freestanding 10.2-inch iDrive Control Display in the centre of the instrument panel. The concept model is also equipped with the Head-Up Display system that offers world-beating functionality and display quality. For maximum listening quality, the hi-fi system was designed especially for the BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé using high-quality components from Danish audio systems specialists Bang & Olufsen.

A proud tradition: the BMW coupé.

As a byword for sporty driving enjoyment, coupé models have a special place in the history of the BMW brand. The BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé is the latest chapter in a tradition which stretches back 70 years and is richly packed with memorable racing wins and many legendary icons in automotive design. Milestones in this evolution include the BMW 327 and BMW 327/28 models, the racing coupés based on the BMW 328, the BMW 503, the BMW 3200 CS, the BMW 2000 CS, the large coupés based on the BMW 3.0 CSi and, from 1976 onwards, the BMW 6 Series models.

With its flawless elegance and impressive performance the BMW 327 Coupé, unveiled in 1938, quickly established itself as the brand’s most exclusive pre-war model. With barely a pause, the dynamic performance was then taken a stage further by the BMW 327/28, whose 80 hp sports engine was taken from the BMW 328 Roadster model. In 1940, a one-off coupé version of the BMW 328, driven by Fritz Huschke von Hanstein and Walter Bäumer, was the overall winner of the Mille Miglia endurance race. This triumph came courtesy of rigorous lightweight design, optimized aerodynamics and a powerful and reliable 136 hp in-line six-cylinder engine. In other words, the winning vehicle displayed characteristics which still form the backbone for the design of the more sporty BMW models to this day. The traditional coupé values were given a modern interpretation in the BMW Mille Miglia Concept Coupé, unveiled by BMW in 2006 as a salute to the unsung heroes behind the BMW 328’s triumph – the engineers.

In their respective decades, both the BMW 503 from 1955, designed by Albrecht Graf Goertz, and the BMW 2000 CS created by Wilhelm Hofmeister and unveiled in 1965 set new standards in coupé design. The slim pillars and svelte roofline, the narrow BMW twin-kidney grille and the Hofmeister kink at the base of the C-pillar, named after BMW’s chief designer of the time, gave the BMW 2000 CS an unmistakable and elegant styling signature. The design language was developed a stage further in the next-generation model – as was the sports performance, with an even more powerful range of engines. The proportions of the big coupé were refined and improved by a longer bonnet, while twin round headlights gave the front end a characteristic sporty appearance. By 1973 the BMW 3.0 CS, BMW 3.0 CSi and BMW 3.0 CSL models had been launched, powered by in-line six-cylinder engines developing up to 206 hp. In motor sport, too, these models held sway for many years.

The BMW 6 Series has similarly stirred and spurred a passion for sporty driving in a stylish and luxurious two-door format for many years, right through to the BMW M6 Coupé of today with its unmatched dynamism and athleticism and its 373 kW/507 hp high-revving ten-cylinder engine.

Classic coupé proportions in a distinctly sporty format.

A BMW coupé’s design is a stylish and authentic expression of superior sports performance rooted in the company’s unique experience in engine and chassis development. The proportions, the aesthetically powerful design language and the flowing lines epitomize the characteristic blend of dynamism and unassailable elegance – a design principle that underpins the BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé as well, though in a modern and innovative interpretation. The concept model is an extremely sporty premium luxury-class 2+2-seater. Taking passion for the Ultimate Driving Machine to new levels in the BMW 6 Series range, it is an expression of driving enjoyment at its most exclusive.

The low silhouette of the BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé points to the low centre of gravity, which is reflected in agile, surefooted handling. The long bonnet and a passenger cell which is set well back provide advance warning of the Coupé’s eager responsiveness and its dynamic power delivery and sprinting performance. The powerful sculpting of the bodywork surfaces, particularly near the rear wheels, gives the concept model an even more athletic appearance, while the roofline in particular, flowing elegantly towards the trailing edge at the rear, is a reminder of the concept’s carefully honed aerodynamic qualities.

Dynamic wave effect underpins naturally flowing lines and surfaces.

The bodywork surfaces are defined by bold, precise lines, which divide the body into a mix of concave- and convex-contoured surfaces. The counterpoint between lines and surfaces lends the BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé a natural, authentic aura of sportiness. This interplay is reminiscent of wave motion on the surface of an ocean, generated by the ebb and flow of wind and tides. All the bodywork lines are continuous and uninterrupted throughout their entire length. They connect the front, side and rear sections of the vehicle to create a sculpted body shape that radiates harmony from every angle.

Road-hugging front end: hallmark BMW styling cues in a new interpretation.

The wide, low-slung, road-hugging front-end stance of the BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé is an accurate reflection of its sporting temperament. The bonnet surfaces are defined by four lines which gradually converge at the front of the vehicle. The two inner lines follow a trajectory towards the BMW emblem, while the two outer lines terminate at the outer edge of the BMW kidney grille, which is wider at the top than at the bottom. The BMW kidney grille marks the front extremity of the body, its slight forward rake imparting the first taste of sportiness to come. The effect is increased by the slight angle in the upper part of the kidney grille bars, which sport hardened glass inserts. This elaborate sculpting gives the hallmark kidney grille an extra-luxurious and avant-garde touch.

The headlights, which are set well back, and below them a bumper contour line that flows downwards and outwards, make the kidney grille appear even more dominant. The lower air intake runs the full width of the front end and is divided by horizontal chrome struts with an undulating surface. A crease defines the lower edge of the air intake and wraps round to the outer sides, where a slight curve draws attention to the wheels and thus to the sense of width. Sharply raked foglamps placed well to the outside of the bonnet, and powered by three adjacent LED light units, further accentuate the width and bold stance of the concept model.

Innovative technology, enhanced styling, typical BMW night-time look: all-LED twin round headlights make their debut.

The characteristic front-end appearance of the BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé is partly down to the typical BMW twin round headlights. The outward-pointing top part of the trapezoidal headlight housing guides the eye to the widely flared wheel arches. With this concept model, BMW is for the first time presenting all-LED headlights with Adaptive Headlight functionality. LEDs are used for all functions, from the dipped and main beam to the sidelights and daytime running lights, and the direction indicators. The LED accent lights which cut across the top of the twin round headlights create the hooded, intent look characteristic of BMW models.

The innovative lighting technology is accentuated by the upscale styling. One of the cylindrical headlights emerges slightly further than the other from the interior of the light unit, thereby preserving the twin round headlight look even when viewed from the side. The headlights, which are leveled off at their lower edge, are bisected by horizontal ribs containing the LEDs. The diodes produce a strikingly bright white light that provides particularly intensive road illumination. They also reduce dazzle and have very low energy consumption. In addition the all-LED headlights are used for both the dipped and the main beam functions, while Adaptive Headlight functionality is incorporated as well. That means the headlights follow the road, swiveling in line with the steering angle and at a speed matched to that of the vehicle.

The sidelights and daytime driving lights take the form of LED rings, the lower edge of which is leveled off – a characteristic theme of this innovative lighting technology. Horizontal strips of six LEDs under the twin headlights are used for the direction indicators. Their lines match those of the similarly horizontally styled LED foglamps, which are located in the lower air intake.

Side view: athletic elegance points to sporting supremacy.

The BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé is a premium-class concept that combines outstanding sports performance with style and assurance. At the visual level, these characteristics are communicated by a design that combines the athletic aura of a sports car on the one hand with luxurious elegance on the other. This is particularly striking in side view, where classic BMW coupé features, presented here in a new interpretation, deftly highlight the distinctive character of this concept model.

The elegantly elongated silhouette of the BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé presents the familiar hallmarks of a sporty BMW 2+2, comprising a long hood and wheelbase, a passenger compartment which is set well to the rear and a dynamically flowing roofline. The athletic character of the concept model is generated by sculpted surfaces whose powerful flowing and merging contours create an authentic sports feel. The side view of the vehicle is defined by four striking lines. The shoulder line runs in a fluent sweep from the headlights to the front wheel arch and on through the waistline and C-pillar to the tail. The typical BMW swage line runs parallel to this. It starts in the gill high up in the front side panel and runs steadily upwards via the door handle to the rear lights. It accentuates the elongated look of the body and, in conjunction with the door sill line, creates a dynamic wedge shape. Below the swage line, a character line, which likewise starts in the side gill, follows a downward trajectory initially and then runs parallel to the door sill line and on into the tail. The precise interplay of lines and surfaces is most apparent in the rear wheel arch area. The powerful bulge directly above the rear wheels reduces the prominence of the contour line in this area, giving a sense of natural forces harnessed in a consistent and unified body design.

The alloy wheels specially designed for the BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé again tie in closely with the sporty and exclusive character of this concept model. The 20-inch multi-spoke wheels are a one-off design milled from a solid aluminum block. The individual spokes have an elaborate three-dimensional design, with precisely defined contours and weight-reducing milled openings running parallel to the direction of travel.

Rear design: low visual centre of gravity and accent on width.

The rear styling is dominated by horizontal lines which, in conjunction with the wide track and wide wheel arch flares, accentuate the sense of width and the powerful stance of the BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé. The shoulder areas protrude clearly in rear view, so that even from this angle there is no mistaking the athletic character of the vehicle. The slightly concave rear part of the boot lid, along with the bumper, the diffuser-style rear apron and all other elements of the rear end, are wide and low-slung. The visual centre of gravity is strikingly low and road-hugging – an effect that is generated mainly by a V-shaped line running from the sides of the boot lid down to the low-mounted number plate surround.

The crease at the lower edge of the body wraps round from the sides of the Coupé into the rear and finishes in the tailpipe surrounds, which are set well to the outside and enclose matt-polished trapezoidal exhaust tips. The low-rise, horizontally mounted reflectors, which have been removed to the bumper, likewise underline the sense of width in rear view.

The typical BMW L-shaped rear light clusters of the BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé create a further visual link between the sides and the rear of the vehicle. They are split into two parts and extend into the boot lid. Inside the units, two LED light strips create the typical BMW night-time look. This effect is enhanced by the L-shaped lower light unit. The direction indicator, tail light and brake light are likewise LED-powered.

Interior: luxurious, avant-garde and stylish.

The BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé has a full glass roof which lets a great deal of light into the interior of the 2+2-seater, highlighting the generous interior ambience and the light-touch interior design. Carefully selected materials, coupled with meticulous craftsmanship and build quality, underscore the luxurious character of the concept model, which combines exceptional sportiness with an extremely exclusive driving experience.

In the interior, too, the tone is set by fluent lines and harmonious surfaces. In the vicinity of the driver and front passenger, the design of the instrument panel, centre console and door trim stresses bold, dynamic surfaces and sculpted transitions, giving a sense of exclusive safety and security. At the rear, two comfortable single seats offer lavish headroom, legroom and shoulder room, providing first-class comfort even on long journeys.

The surfaces are defined by gently flowing lines which run throughout the interior, creating an effect reminiscent of rippling wave motion and evoking the impression of forward-thrusting dynamism.

Driver-centric design, harmonious integration of the centre console and instrument panel.

The BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé’s cockpit also takes the familiar BMW driver-centric design to new levels, in keeping with the distinctively sporty character of this concept model. The centre section of the instrument panel, featuring the iDrive Control Display, the central air vents and the audio and climate controls, is inclined slightly but visibly towards the driver. The electronic gear selector and the Drive Dynamic Control buttons are mounted on the driver’s side of the front console. The front passenger side, meanwhile, which is slightly higher than the driver’s side, sweeps up with a slight flourish into the upper part of the instrument panel. High-quality leather trim with double stitching in a contrasting color accentuates the dynamic transition between the centre console and the instrument panel.

The forward-surging wave theme can also be seen in the contouring of the door panel trim, where the precise interplay between concave and convex surfaces produces a natural duality and tension. The window sill line extends in a gentle sweep into the instrument panel, guiding the eye towards the road. Below this, the door paneling is intersected by a trim component which links the front part of the passenger compartment with the rear. It starts at the rear window sill, then continues forwards and initially downwards, narrowing as it approaches the door paneling, then rising slightly and becoming wider again in the front part of the vehicle. This creates an upward sweep running through the window sill and into the instrument panel.

On the driver’s side of the cockpit the eye is drawn to the black-panel instrument cluster. The traditional-style circular dials are generated electronically, using advanced display technology. At rest, all displays are invisible, only springing to life when the engine is started. Black-panel technology is also used for the audio and climate displays on the centre console. A galvanized strip draws a horizontal dividing line across the cockpit below the instrument cluster and also marks the lower edge of the central air vents. This line is then carried over on the front passenger side into a crease on the glove compartment.

Flatscreen-style Control Display and Head-Up Display.

The BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé is equipped with the latest-generation iDrive control system as featured on current production models. That system’s innovative principle of separating the control unit from the display is taken a stage further in this concept model. As before, the Controller – situated on the centre console – allows intuitive operation of vehicle-related, infotainment, navigation and telecommunications functions. However, the Control Display now for the first time takes the form of a freestanding 10.2-inch display with high-quality galvanized chrome surround. This display shows the various iDrive menus and options, the audio system status messages and the navigation maps. The small depth of this high-resolution display gives it a flatscreen look, while the new positioning of the display – extending further into the passenger compartment – also impacts on the centre console, which appears to rise more steeply, accentuating the cockpit-style character of the instrument panel.

The iDrive operating system allows functions to be intuitively controlled with minimal driver distraction from the road and traffic. For additional convenience and safety, the BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé is also fitted with a Head-Up Display. Developed by BMW, this system offers unique functionality and allows important driver information to be projected directly onto the windscreen in the driver’s line of sight. For example, in addition to current vehicle speed, the Head-Up Display also shows status messages and warnings from the driver assistance systems, Check Control messages and navigation instructions – all without the driver having to take his or her eyes off the road.

Top-flight audio enjoyment: fully active car hi-fi system from Bang & Olufsen.

From the very first glance, the BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé promises an outstandingly sporty and exclusive driving experience. Part of this experience is a hi-fi system that was developed specially for this concept model and sets new standards for in-car listening enjoyment. Designed by Danish car hi-fi specialists Bang & Olufsen and specially matched to the interior acoustics of this 2+2-seater, the hi-fi system produces unsurpassed in-car sound quality. This superior audio experience comes courtesy of extra-high-quality system components – plus innovative sound control technology never before featured in a car hi-fi system.

The Bang & Olufsen Surround Sound System produces an exceptionally natural sound from 16 speakers distributed around the cabin. This is a fully active system, which means the two bass speakers, seven mid-range speakers and seven tweeters all have individual amplifiers. The electrical signals are converted into precisely defined sound waves using neodymium magnet drives which combine very high performance with low weight, making them the ideal solution for a car hi-fi system. The mid-range speakers also feature extremely stiff yet extremely lightweight Hexacone diaphragms. The exceptional sound quality is due not only to vehicle-specific placement of high-quality speakers in the interior but also to innovative amplifier technology. Digital signal processing allows the signals to each speaker to be individually controlled. This technology compensates for any sound reflections inside the vehicle by means of appropriate signal modifications. The Bang & Olufsen Surround Sound System uses Dirac Dimensions™ technology to recreate the acoustics of a given “reference” listening environment in the passenger compartment. This prevents the inevitable closeness of vehicle passengers to the speakers from affecting the sound experience. Also, all vehicle occupants enjoy identical sound quality wherever they happen to be sitting. The signals are precisely tuned to give the impression that the speakers are actually outside the vehicle.

The outstanding quality of the Bang & Olufsen high-end surround sound system is accompanied by exclusive styling features. These include high-quality all-aluminum speaker grilles and, most notably, the new-design centre speaker in the instrument panel area. As soon as the audio system is activated, the mid-range speaker grille pops up automatically. At the same time the tweeter lens is extended and distributes sound evenly throughout the car.

BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé: the future of sporty and exclusive driving enjoyment.

As the latest interpretation of quintessential BMW brand values and as a logical development of the company’s hallmark design language, the BMW Concept
6 Series Coupé takes a look into the future of sporty and exclusive motoring. In this concept model, the history and future of BMW coupés meet and intersect. Their superior dynamism – whether on the road or on the race track – and their stylish elegance mean that BMW coupés both of yesteryear and of today have a potent ability to arouse desires and inspire fantasies.

The BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé is very much in this traditional mould, and from the very first glance promises an exceptional driving experience. Its high-quality design, with its expressive and harmonious proportions and precisely sculpted surfaces, immediately evokes athleticism and assurance. At the same time, the flowing lines are an authentic expression of stylish elegance that extends to every part of the vehicle. The interior, too, promises an exceptional driving experience. The innovative styling, with the emphasis on fluent lines, along with the high-grade materials and the meticulous craftsmanship and build quality, give the occupants of this 2+2 a sense of safety and security, while at the same time imbuing the ambience with a luxurious and avant-garde touch.

In addition, the BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé features the technical highlights one would expect of a car of this exclusive status and high-quality engineering for which the world’s most successful premium car manufacturer is noted. All-LED headlights with Adaptive Headlight technology are further proof of the pioneering character of this concept model, along with the Head-Up Display and the unique Bang & Olufsen high-end surround sound system. The BMW Concept 6 Series Coupé sets new standards in dynamism, elegance, design and engineering, seamlessly building on the traditional qualities of BMW coupés of the past, while at the same time offering an innovative interpretation of the enduring fascination of legendary dream cars of yesteryear such as the BMW 3.0 CS.

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2010 Peugeot iOn Official Details

Monday, September 6th, 2010

Anticipated, dreamed about, the first of a new generation of 100% electric full size cars is here.

Peugeot is making it available not just for a few intrepid adventurers, but for a wide customer base made up of private individuals, professionals and public services, all of whom are convinced and resolved to take together the first step towards a new type of mobility.

The 100% electric Peugeot iOn, urban runabout, easy to operate, silent, safe, connected, comfortable and easy to drive with a range of Peugeot Connect services, lets you get around town in a way that’s different and sustainable.

The environmental awareness expressed by governments, local authorities and citizens, combined with the development of new energy storage technologies, today gives the electric vehicle a new opportunity to put down roots in cities and their outlying areas.

Peugeot, the world leader in electric vehicles in terms of the number of Electric 106s it sold, takes a new step in emissions reductions by marketing the iOn, the first new-generation 100% electric vehicle.

A NEW URBAN DRIVING EXPERIENCE: ZERO EMISSIONS, SILENT, PRACTICAL, RESPONSIVE…

The iOn, designed as the ideal car for the city and the suburbs, is targeted mainly at public services and businesses, but also at private individuals.

This city run around combines remarkable packaging with good interior space, unrivalled handling, rigorous safety, and a high level of comfort enhanced by a generous standard specification. Added to this are the advantages inherent in electric technology, namely unprecedented silence, the absence of CO2 emissions and superb driveability.

To drive the iOn means to experience a new tranquillity engendered by the car’s silent operation, the absence of vibrations from the power train and the simplicity of no gear changes. What’s more, the immediate availability of maximum torque allows efficient, linear acceleration that makes driving in traffic so much easier.

Thanks to the energy management of its Lithiumionbattery and optimised energy recovery during deceleration and braking, the range as per the European standard cycle is 150 km. In practical terms this is sufficient to cover the majority of a motorists’ daily trips, 90% of which are in fact less than 60 km.

It takes 6 hours to fully recharge the battery using a traditional household socket. A quick charge using a special charging unit provides a 50% charge in only fifteen minutes, or 80% in thirty minutes. Bearing in mind that a conventional car is at a standstill for around 90% of the time when used in an urban or semi-urban context, the time needed to recharge the iOn is entirely compatible with what motorists are used to.

UNBEATABLE RUNNING COSTS

With running costs between €1.50 and €2.00 per 100 km, the energy bill of the iOn is unbeatable regardless of which recharging mode is used.Carried out overnight or during “off-peak hours” recharging costs can be reduced further and help optimise the use of available power produced by the electricity supply companies.

NO COMPROMISE ON SAFETY

Its standard equipment – six air bags, ESP, electronic brake force distribution (EBFD), emergency brake assist (EBA) – and the design of its structure, gives the iOn the same level of safety equipment as a conventional modern car.

At the design stage, strong emphasis was laid on the safety and durability of components of the electric power train. The battery components are contained in a rigid, hermetically-sealed casing ideally positioned under the passenger compartment floor for maximum protection in the event of an impact, in the area most resistant to deformation. This also improves the vehicle’s weight distribution by lowering the centre of gravity.

Recharging of the battery, either by a special quick charge unit or by means of a standard electrical socket using a special connecting cable, is controlled automatically according to the monitored parameters of the individual battery cells.

SERVICES TO MAKE LIFE EASIER

In addition to the latest-generation electric technology, the iOn incorporates the most recent telematics technologies to offer a range of Peugeot Connect services.

All iOn models, as standard and for an unlimited period, have access to Peugeot Connect* services including Peugeot Connect SOS and Peugeot Connect Assistance. If safety items are activated or the SOS button is pressed, the car’s occupants are put in touch with the emergency call centre. Similarly with Peugeot Connect Assistance, pressing the “Peugeot Lion” button automatically connects the user with the help line. As the vehicle’s precise location is determined automatically, emergency or repair services can quickly be dispatched to the scene.

Other services include:

- Peugeot Connect Fleet*, with periodic transmission of information such as battery charge status, remaining range, mileage and mileage before the next service that is particularly useful for fleet managers;

- Electric Driving*, allowing the user to check, via Smartphone or PC, the battery charge status and range of the vehicle.

THE COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE OF A COMPREHENSIVE STANDARD SPECIFICATION

The comprehensive standard specification on all iOn models includes: alloy wheels, power steering, fog lamps, automatic switching-on of headlamps, daytime lights, remote control central locking, trip computer, air conditioning, Bluetoothcompatible MP3 and CD audio system with USB connection, front and rear electric windows, heightadjustable driver’s seat, reclining and folding rear seat backs…

With a single model and two interior trim levels, the iOn range is simple and transparent.

The three main available options or accessories are:
- a “cold kit” which includes a heated driver’s seat and * Operational from April 2011. electric door mirror de-icing;
- a conversion kit to create a 2-seat light commercial vehicle with a load capacity of 1.1 m3;
- a mobile and connected satellite navigation system, which includes other travel modes (walking, bike, etc.) installed in the fascia panel allowing:
- reception of traffic information,
- mapping updates with indication of recharging stations,
- information search by points of interest. With a single badge level and two interior ambiences, the iOn range is simple and transparent.

AN “ALL INCLUSIVE” MOBILITY OFFER

Marketing of the iOn is based mainly on an “allinclusive” mobility offer. As an example: in France this offer lasts for five years and costs €499 including VAT per month, which includes: the vehicle and its battery – 5 year warranty covering the battery and electric power train – servicing and maintenance for five years or 50,000 km – specific electric assistance – Peugeot Connect, Electric Driving services and access to the Mu by Peugeot mobility programme.

CLEAR CUSTOMER INTEREST

Local authorities and governments are in favour of integrating this new technology with state aid and by installing a programme for a re-charging infrastructure. These authorities are also potential customers with their own fleet of vehicles and car-share projects which are envisaged in several cities.

To date Peugeot has already signed fifteen letters of intent with mobility operators, energy companies, leasing and car-sharing companies in a number of European countries.

From the numerous contacts from private individuals received on the special iOn website, these individuals are also interested in 100% electric technology when it is proposed by an established manufacturer such as Peugeot.

Within the Mu by Peugeot network, the first mobility service offered by a manufacturer, iOn will be one of the vehicles available for short term loan. Individuals will therefore be able to try out this new way of getting around town or choose a zero emissions car for a timely trip.

THE iOn, A RESPONSE BY PEUGEOT TO THE MOBILITY NEEDS OF TOMORROW

Peugeot is proposing several different technologies in response to the environmental challenges and the different requirements and expectations of today’s customers:

- from the first quarter of 2011, the first e-HDi models equipped with the a new-generation STOP & START system will be launched on the 508, giving reductions in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions;

- in the spring the world’s first diesel hybrid, the Peugeot 3008 HYbrid4, will offer its users a high level specification and a real breakthrough in terms of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions with a reduction of 35%, i.e. 3.8 litres/100 km, for 99 g/km of CO2;

- in addition to the iOn, the Marque will be putting on sale a 100% electric light commercial vehicle, based initial on the current Partner Origin. iOn will, therefore, not be the Marque’s only electric vehicle. The first 100% electric LCV will be a Partner Origin developed by Venturi but for the longer term, work is underway to create new concepts adapted to 100% electric technology.

THE MARKET AND ITS CUSTOMERS

The success of the European electric vehicle market will be very dependent on tax incentives at the time of purchase or during ownership, the introduction of infrastructures, possible ecological constraints in terms of urban traffic and the fluctuating price of fossil fuels.

The market is expected to grow very gradually, representing around the year 2020 4% to 5% of the European car market.For this reason the iOn will also appear gradually, rising to a total production of 50,000 iOns by the year 2015.

The iOn is targeted mainly at local government, local authorities and public services and companies active in the transport and energy sectors, leasing companies, car sharing companies and the fleets of large corporations. In the first half of 2010, Peugeot has already signed 15 letters of intent with:

- three public transport companies, including two for an offer in different European countries;
- six leasing companies in three European countries;
- six energy companies in six European countries.

Peugeot is also a partner in the consortium VTLIB’ (Veolia urban transport), still in the running as a candidate for the Autolib’ project, a future electric car self-service system planned for Paris and nearby suburbs in 2011. To a lesser extent, private individuals are also target customers. Convinced of the Marque’s reliability, they will be the forerunners of this new relationship with the motor car.

THE iOn IN DETAIL A SPECIFIC COLOUR FOR THE LOGO

For the first time in the Marque’s history a vehicle will display a specific badge, the new pearlescent white/ chrome Lion will be a special feature of zero emission vehicles.

This badge affixed to the bonnet of the iOn, on the black lacquered moulding of the tailgate and in the centre of all four wheels is supplemented by the logo “Full Electric” on the rear wings.

With its single compartment body shape and minimal overhangs the iOn is clearly a compact city run about. Its easily identifiable style will quickly be associated with its technological uniqueness and, for the driver or business it will create a modern image of good citizenship, pioneering 100% electric technology. Curvaceous with a small domed bonnet (specific to the iOn) extended by a large inclined front windscreen, the general look of the iOn is immediately inviting. Without taking itself too seriously, it adds to this look with full body-colour paintwork and alloy wheels.

Seven body colours are available: two pearlescent, two metallic and three vibrant, fun shades.

The interior, purposely traditional, is available in two levels of finish, the first understated and consensual, the other featuring materials that are soft to the touch, such as the leather steering wheel and gear lever knob (DNRP) or the soft painted fascia panel and door panels, partially tinted with a subtle hint of very chic metallic blue.

A NEW URBAN DRIVING EXPERIENCE

The magic of electric power resides in zero CO2 emissions and an external noise level limited to the sound of the tyres on the road, ideal qualities for driving in built-up areas.

Thanks to a wheelbase of 2.55 m and its high architecture, its remarkable interior space allows four adults to be seated in comfort. Its compactness – 3.48 m long and 1.47 m wide –, its remarkable turning circle of 4.50 m and its electric power steering make it very agile. It can weave in and out of traffic and make child’s play of the most difficult parking manoeuvres. Despite its small size, it commands respect when in11

amongst the traffic. There can be no doubt that at the wheel of the iOn, with its raised driving position and good visibility, both driver and passengers are safe and secure in a real car.

As soon as the wheels start to turn, the silence of the power train immerses the driver in the new experience of tranquil driving. Driving, not only silent but also extremely easy, makes journeys less tiring and more fun, with all occupants able to enjoy a normal conversation. A new link between the driver and the vehicle is created by the presence in the instrument panel of a power meter, indicating instantaneous energy consumption or energy recovery (when the foot is taken off the accelerator and when braking). The driver quickly gets used to ensuring optimal energy recovery during deceleration and as a result adopts a fluid, stress-free driving style.

While lending itself to tranquil driving, the iOn is not lacking in character and performance. As soon as the need is apparent, use of the accelerator frees up available torque instantly for rapid, linear acceleration. Taking 3.5 seconds to go from 30km/h to 60km/h (compared to 3.9 secs in 3rd in a 207 1.6 litre THP) is evidence of this. This level of performance instils confidence particularly when joining fast moving traffic.

NO COMPROMISE ON SAFETY

Thanks to the vehicle’s tall architecture, the battery pack (all battery components) can be housed under the floor between the wheels, which by lowering the centre of gravity gives the vehicle good dynamic stability. This stability is enhanced further by its standard equipment – ESP, electronic brake force distribution (EBFD) and emergency brake assist (EBA).

When the driver lifts their foot from the accelerator pedal, the momentum of the wheels drives the electric motor (in reverse direction) in electricity-generating mode, providing “engine braking” comparable to that of a conventional vehicle. Braking efficiency is ensured both by energy recovery and the traditional braking circuit. An electric pump creates a vacuum in the brake servo to assist braking.

The same level of safety as a conventional modern car is provided through the design of its structure and its safety equipment: two front air bags, two chest air bags, two curtain air bags, two Isofix child safety seat mountings and an unfastened seat belt warning system for the front and rear seats.

The battery pack, positioned in the most impact resistant area, is encased in a structure constructed from a fibreglass reinforced polymer and steel plates. Transverse reinforcement bars in the battery pack protect it in the event of a side impact and improve the rigidity and torsional strength of the chassis.

Each of the battery cells (88 in total) are enclosed in a parallelepiped stainless-steel case.They are arranged in groups of four or eight in protected modules, positioned in the pack’s structure.

In the event of a collision, a short-circuit protection system isolates the cells and “high voltage” circuits.

Special features relating to recharging of the battery

Normal recharging by means of an earthed household electrical socket is carried out using a special cable with a protective housing which electronically controls continuity of the earth line and can therefore interrupt charging in the event of a fault.

Recharging, rapid and normal, is monitored by voltage and temperature sensors on the battery cells and by the dialogue between the specific battery pack controller and that of the quick-charge unit via the vehicle’s electronic control unit (the car’s “brain”). During rapid recharging, if certain temperature thresholds are reached in one or more elements of the battery, the inside of the battery is cooled by the circulation of ambient “cold” air, or air cooled by the air conditioning, in the battery pack.

Recharging is possible only if the gear selector is in the parking position. Similarly, the vehicle’s ignition is switched off, making it impossible for the car to be started inadvertently with the charging connector in place.

RANGE AND RECHARGING

The iOn is equipped with a new-generation Lithium-ion battery with an energy storage capacity well in excess of the old Ni Cd batteries used in the 1990s (three times more energy per kg or twice as much by unit of volume).

This battery has no memory effect. It can be recharged, even partially, without the need for regular complete discharges.

The battery can be fully recharged in six hours using a single-phase 220 V household supply via a five metre cable fitted with a standard socket and a special plug for connection to the vehicle. For normal charging the driver connects the cable to the household socket or to a standard roadside charging point, while the other end is connected to the socket on the right-hand side of the vehicle (the socket on the left-hand side is reserved for quick recharging). A symbol on the instrument panel and a LED on the cable’s protective housing signal immediate commencement of the battery charging process.It stops automatically when the battery is fully charged.

A quick recharge by means of a special recharging unit connected to a three phase 380 V electrical supply takes fifteen minutes to provide 50% battery capacity and 30 minutes for 80% capacity.

The special cable for quick recharging, rigidly attached to the terminal, is connected to the socket on the lefthand side of the vehicle. The recharging process is monitored and controlled by the dialogue between the vehicle’s electronic control unit and the charging unit controller. Recharging stops automatically when 80% of the full charge is attained (100% is possible with a second re-charge).

THE DRIVING POSITION

The aim of the designers was to create an entirely new vehicle in technological terms, but one that was in keeping with what motorists are currently used to. Therefore the driver occupies a traditional driving position with controls comparable to those found on a conventional vehicle: ignition key, hand brake, four-position gear selector and two pedals as on an automatic car, as well as heating and air conditioning controls, etc.

Turning the ignition key to the first notch supplies the car’s equipment, turning it to the second notch makes the power train operational. The “Ready” light on the instrument panel, accompanied by an audible warning to break the silence, announces that the vehicle is ready to be driven.

The main differences with a conventional internal combustion engined vehicle are on the instrument panel, which has:

- a battery charge indicator (with sixteen positions) letting you know the battery charge level;

- a power meter to encourage economical driving by providing an instantaneous readout of levels of energy consumption or energy recovery during deceleration and braking, by means of a needle which moves across coloured zones:

- the green zone, driving with minimal energy consumption,

- the white zone, “energy hungry” driving,

- the blue “Charge” zone, level of energy recovery;

- the trip computer, as well as the usual information, indicates the available range calculated on the basis of driving conditions recorded over the last 25 kilometres. Parameters taken into account include the type of driving, traffic conditions, the type of journey and use of the heating or air conditioning;

- gradual range reduction warnings and an emergency strategy:

- when the battery charge level falls to two bars, the “gauge” symbol flashes, warning of the need to recharge the battery (17% of energy remaining),

- when the last bar is reached, it too flashes in addition to the “gauge” symbol. Charging is now essential,

- when no bars are displayed any more, the “gauge” symbol stays on and the trip computer indicates no range. The heating and air conditioning are switched off by the vehicle’s onboard systems. The vehicle inertia allows the heater blower to diffuse any remaining hot or cold air. The power of the electric motor is gradually reduced,

- when the requested acceleration can no longer be fully supported a “tortoise” symbol appears on the instrument panel and the vehicle’s performance is reduced,

- the vehicle comes to a complete stop when the minimum battery level is reached.

THE POWER TRAIN

The iOn is a rear-wheel drive vehicle in which the electric motor and single-ratio reduction gearbox are installed in front of the rear suspension. The motor is supplied with a 330 V three-phase alternating current (AC) from the inverter which is supplied with a 330 V direct current (DC) from the main battery pack. The inverter regulates the current, frequency and voltage according to the position of the accelerator pedal. The controlled response when the accelerator is pressed has been designed to ensure a good distribution of power when required.

The inverter, the motor and the reduction gearing provides a potential speed range from 0 to 130 kph. The single reduction gear provides an overall ratio of 6.066 in both forward and reverse gears.

Reverse gear is obtained by reversing the direction of the motor’s operation.

The Neodyme (Nd) synchronous permanent magnet electric motor is particularly compact. With a maximum power of 47 kW.h (64 bhp) it has a maximum torque of 180 Nm from 0 to 2000 rpm.

It consists of:

- a rotating rotor with peripheral magnets positioned with the poles (north and south) alternately towards the exterior;

- on the outside, a fixed stator composed of coils supplied by three independent current phases, creates the magnetic field which turns the rotor.

THE BATTERY

The lithium-ion battery was developed by Lithium Energy Japan (LEJ – joint venture Mitsubishi/GS-Yuasa). They are produced (in Kusatsu in Japan) in the world’s first factory dedicated to the mass production of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. The term lithium-ion covers several technologies. The choice of manganese oxide technology (cathodes with a manganese oxide LiMn2O4 base) is the best option to meet the operating requirements and required safety levels set for the vehicle. Each battery module has four or eight 3.7 V cells and a capacity of 50 Ah. With a total of 88 cells, connected in series, the battery pack can store 16 kWh of electrical energy with a nominal voltage of 330 V. The recharging of each cell in the battery pack is controlled continuously by a control system which includes monitoring of each cell and a central battery controller.

HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING

The electrical air conditioning and heating systems of the passenger compartment are powered from the lithium-ion battery pack.

The heating system operates via the circulation of coolant which is electrically heated. It provides warm air immediately after a cold start or when the vehicle is at a standstill. The power of the heating can be adjusted to obtain just the right level of comfort in order to minimize the consumption of electricity. An optional “cold pack” is available which includes a heated driver’s seat ensuring good thermal comfort when only the driver is present, and optimising the energy usage for the heating of the passenger compartment.

Air conditioning is provided by a refrigeration unit with an electric compressor controlled electronically so that only energy required for the current setting is consumed.

ELECTRICAL FLOWS

When the car is being driven, the inverter transforms 330 V direct current (DC) from the battery into 330 V alternating current (AC) to supply the electric motor. It also controls the electric motor depending on the position of the accelerator and during the energy recovery phase.

The motor is reversible. During deceleration it generates alternating current (AC) which is converted by the inverter to direct current (DC) in order to recharge the drive battery (generator mode).

The on-board charger transforms household 220 V alternating current (AC) into 330 V direct current (DC) to recharge the drive battery. It controls the 14 A input current and the 8 A current supplying the battery.

For quick charging, the 50 kW charging unit directly supplies voltage and direct current to recharge the drive battery. The unit operates on a three-phase 380 V supply (supplied directly from the country’s electrical network). The car’s battery is, therefore, supplied with a single-phase direct current of up to 125 A.

Recharging is monitored and controlled by the dialogue between the vehicle’s electronic control unit and charging unit.Recharging stops automatically when 80% of the full charge is attained. A second recharging phase can be started (after the first 80%), and will continue up to 100% but more slowly, in order to not exceed the maximum voltage of each battery cell.

A (DC) converter incorporated into the on-board charging unit generates a 14 V supply from the 330 V of the drive battery to recharge the 12 V battery supplying the car’s equipment – ECUs, lighting, audio system, power steering, vacuum pump, water pump, etc. It plays the same role as the alternator on an internal combustion engined vehicle.

ELECTRONIC CONTROL

When the car is being driven, the electronic control unit continuously monitors correct operation of the vehicle and controls energy management.

Work was carried out in particular to optimise performance and encourage energy recovery during braking. Regardless of road conditions and battery charge levels, the vehicle controller determines the motor’s operating performance.

The battery has its own checks for phases of recharging, discharge linked to the vehicle’s electronic control unit.

COOLING CIRCUITS

The inverter, on-board charger, (DC) converter and electric motor are cooled by circulating water supplying a radiator positioned at the front of the vehicle. To optimise the life of the battery, if certain temperature thresholds are reached by elements of the battery pack during quick charging, ambient air or air cooled by the air conditioning is circulated through the pack.

Anticipated, dreamed about, the first of a new generation of 100% electric full size cars is here.

Peugeot is making it available not just for a few intrepid adventurers, but for a wide customer base made up of private individuals, professionals and public services, all of whom are convinced and resolved to take together the first step towards a new type of mobility.

The 100% electric Peugeot iOn, urban runabout, easy to operate, silent, safe, connected, comfortable and easy to drive with a range of Peugeot Connect services, lets you get around town in a way that’s different and sustainable.

The environmental awareness expressed by governments, local authorities and citizens, combined with the development of new energy storage technologies, today gives the electric vehicle a new opportunity to put down roots in cities and their outlying areas.

Peugeot, the world leader in electric vehicles in terms of the number of Electric 106s it sold, takes a new step in emissions reductions by marketing the iOn, the first new-generation 100% electric vehicle.

A NEW URBAN DRIVING EXPERIENCE: ZERO EMISSIONS, SILENT, PRACTICAL, RESPONSIVE…

The iOn, designed as the ideal car for the city and the suburbs, is targeted mainly at public services and businesses, but also at private individuals.

This city run around combines remarkable packaging with good interior space, unrivalled handling, rigorous safety, and a high level of comfort enhanced by a generous standard specification. Added to this are the advantages inherent in electric technology, namely unprecedented silence, the absence of CO2 emissions and superb driveability.

To drive the iOn means to experience a new tranquillity engendered by the car’s silent operation, the absence of vibrations from the power train and the simplicity of no gear changes. What’s more, the immediate availability of maximum torque allows efficient, linear acceleration that makes driving in traffic so much easier.

Thanks to the energy management of its Lithiumionbattery and optimised energy recovery during deceleration and braking, the range as per the European standard cycle is 150 km. In practical terms this is sufficient to cover the majority of a motorists’ daily trips, 90% of which are in fact less than 60 km.

It takes 6 hours to fully recharge the battery using a traditional household socket. A quick charge using a special charging unit provides a 50% charge in only fifteen minutes, or 80% in thirty minutes. Bearing in mind that a conventional car is at a standstill for around 90% of the time when used in an urban or semi-urban context, the time needed to recharge the iOn is entirely compatible with what motorists are used to.

UNBEATABLE RUNNING COSTS

With running costs between €1.50 and €2.00 per 100 km, the energy bill of the iOn is unbeatable regardless of which recharging mode is used.Carried out overnight or during “off-peak hours” recharging costs can be reduced further and help optimise the use of available power produced by the electricity supply companies.

NO COMPROMISE ON SAFETY

Its standard equipment – six air bags, ESP, electronic brake force distribution (EBFD), emergency brake assist (EBA) – and the design of its structure, gives the iOn the same level of safety equipment as a conventional modern car.

At the design stage, strong emphasis was laid on the safety and durability of components of the electric power train. The battery components are contained in a rigid, hermetically-sealed casing ideally positioned under the passenger compartment floor for maximum protection in the event of an impact, in the area most resistant to deformation. This also improves the vehicle’s weight distribution by lowering the centre of gravity.

Recharging of the battery, either by a special quick charge unit or by means of a standard electrical socket using a special connecting cable, is controlled automatically according to the monitored parameters of the individual battery cells.

SERVICES TO MAKE LIFE EASIER

In addition to the latest-generation electric technology, the iOn incorporates the most recent telematics technologies to offer a range of Peugeot Connect services.

All iOn models, as standard and for an unlimited period, have access to Peugeot Connect* services including Peugeot Connect SOS and Peugeot Connect Assistance. If safety items are activated or the SOS button is pressed, the car’s occupants are put in touch with the emergency call centre. Similarly with Peugeot Connect Assistance, pressing the “Peugeot Lion” button automatically connects the user with the help line. As the vehicle’s precise location is determined automatically, emergency or repair services can quickly be dispatched to the scene.

Other services include:

- Peugeot Connect Fleet*, with periodic transmission of information such as battery charge status, remaining range, mileage and mileage before the next service that is particularly useful for fleet managers;

- Electric Driving*, allowing the user to check, via Smartphone or PC, the battery charge status and range of the vehicle.

THE COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE OF A COMPREHENSIVE STANDARD SPECIFICATION

The comprehensive standard specification on all iOn models includes: alloy wheels, power steering, fog lamps, automatic switching-on of headlamps, daytime lights, remote control central locking, trip computer, air conditioning, Bluetoothcompatible MP3 and CD audio system with USB connection, front and rear electric windows, heightadjustable driver’s seat, reclining and folding rear seat backs…

With a single model and two interior trim levels, the iOn range is simple and transparent.

The three main available options or accessories are:
- a “cold kit” which includes a heated driver’s seat and * Operational from April 2011. electric door mirror de-icing;
- a conversion kit to create a 2-seat light commercial vehicle with a load capacity of 1.1 m3;
- a mobile and connected satellite navigation system, which includes other travel modes (walking, bike, etc.) installed in the fascia panel allowing:
- reception of traffic information,
- mapping updates with indication of recharging stations,
- information search by points of interest. With a single badge level and two interior ambiences, the iOn range is simple and transparent.

AN “ALL INCLUSIVE” MOBILITY OFFER

Marketing of the iOn is based mainly on an “allinclusive” mobility offer. As an example: in France this offer lasts for five years and costs €499 including VAT per month, which includes: the vehicle and its battery – 5 year warranty covering the battery and electric power train – servicing and maintenance for five years or 50,000 km – specific electric assistance – Peugeot Connect, Electric Driving services and access to the Mu by Peugeot mobility programme.

CLEAR CUSTOMER INTEREST

Local authorities and governments are in favour of integrating this new technology with state aid and by installing a programme for a re-charging infrastructure. These authorities are also potential customers with their own fleet of vehicles and car-share projects which are envisaged in several cities.

To date Peugeot has already signed fifteen letters of intent with mobility operators, energy companies, leasing and car-sharing companies in a number of European countries.

From the numerous contacts from private individuals received on the special iOn website, these individuals are also interested in 100% electric technology when it is proposed by an established manufacturer such as Peugeot.

Within the Mu by Peugeot network, the first mobility service offered by a manufacturer, iOn will be one of the vehicles available for short term loan. Individuals will therefore be able to try out this new way of getting around town or choose a zero emissions car for a timely trip.

THE iOn, A RESPONSE BY PEUGEOT TO THE MOBILITY NEEDS OF TOMORROW

Peugeot is proposing several different technologies in response to the environmental challenges and the different requirements and expectations of today’s customers:

- from the first quarter of 2011, the first e-HDi models equipped with the a new-generation STOP & START system will be launched on the 508, giving reductions in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions;

- in the spring the world’s first diesel hybrid, the Peugeot 3008 HYbrid4, will offer its users a high level specification and a real breakthrough in terms of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions with a reduction of 35%, i.e. 3.8 litres/100 km, for 99 g/km of CO2;

- in addition to the iOn, the Marque will be putting on sale a 100% electric light commercial vehicle, based initial on the current Partner Origin. iOn will, therefore, not be the Marque’s only electric vehicle. The first 100% electric LCV will be a Partner Origin developed by Venturi but for the longer term, work is underway to create new concepts adapted to 100% electric technology.

THE MARKET AND ITS CUSTOMERS

The success of the European electric vehicle market will be very dependent on tax incentives at the time of purchase or during ownership, the introduction of infrastructures, possible ecological constraints in terms of urban traffic and the fluctuating price of fossil fuels.

The market is expected to grow very gradually, representing around the year 2020 4% to 5% of the European car market.For this reason the iOn will also appear gradually, rising to a total production of 50,000 iOns by the year 2015.

The iOn is targeted mainly at local government, local authorities and public services and companies active in the transport and energy sectors, leasing companies, car sharing companies and the fleets of large corporations. In the first half of 2010, Peugeot has already signed 15 letters of intent with:

- three public transport companies, including two for an offer in different European countries;
- six leasing companies in three European countries;
- six energy companies in six European countries.

Peugeot is also a partner in the consortium VTLIB’ (Veolia urban transport), still in the running as a candidate for the Autolib’ project, a future electric car self-service system planned for Paris and nearby suburbs in 2011. To a lesser extent, private individuals are also target customers. Convinced of the Marque’s reliability, they will be the forerunners of this new relationship with the motor car.

THE iOn IN DETAIL A SPECIFIC COLOUR FOR THE LOGO

For the first time in the Marque’s history a vehicle will display a specific badge, the new pearlescent white/ chrome Lion will be a special feature of zero emission vehicles.

This badge affixed to the bonnet of the iOn, on the black lacquered moulding of the tailgate and in the centre of all four wheels is supplemented by the logo “Full Electric” on the rear wings.

With its single compartment body shape and minimal overhangs the iOn is clearly a compact city run about. Its easily identifiable style will quickly be associated with its technological uniqueness and, for the driver or business it will create a modern image of good citizenship, pioneering 100% electric technology. Curvaceous with a small domed bonnet (specific to the iOn) extended by a large inclined front windscreen, the general look of the iOn is immediately inviting. Without taking itself too seriously, it adds to this look with full body-colour paintwork and alloy wheels.

Seven body colours are available: two pearlescent, two metallic and three vibrant, fun shades.

The interior, purposely traditional, is available in two levels of finish, the first understated and consensual, the other featuring materials that are soft to the touch, such as the leather steering wheel and gear lever knob (DNRP) or the soft painted fascia panel and door panels, partially tinted with a subtle hint of very chic metallic blue.

A NEW URBAN DRIVING EXPERIENCE

The magic of electric power resides in zero CO2 emissions and an external noise level limited to the sound of the tyres on the road, ideal qualities for driving in built-up areas.

Thanks to a wheelbase of 2.55 m and its high architecture, its remarkable interior space allows four adults to be seated in comfort. Its compactness – 3.48 m long and 1.47 m wide –, its remarkable turning circle of 4.50 m and its electric power steering make it very agile. It can weave in and out of traffic and make child’s play of the most difficult parking manoeuvres. Despite its small size, it commands respect when in11

amongst the traffic. There can be no doubt that at the wheel of the iOn, with its raised driving position and good visibility, both driver and passengers are safe and secure in a real car.

As soon as the wheels start to turn, the silence of the power train immerses the driver in the new experience of tranquil driving. Driving, not only silent but also extremely easy, makes journeys less tiring and more fun, with all occupants able to enjoy a normal conversation. A new link between the driver and the vehicle is created by the presence in the instrument panel of a power meter, indicating instantaneous energy consumption or energy recovery (when the foot is taken off the accelerator and when braking). The driver quickly gets used to ensuring optimal energy recovery during deceleration and as a result adopts a fluid, stress-free driving style.

While lending itself to tranquil driving, the iOn is not lacking in character and performance. As soon as the need is apparent, use of the accelerator frees up available torque instantly for rapid, linear acceleration. Taking 3.5 seconds to go from 30km/h to 60km/h (compared to 3.9 secs in 3rd in a 207 1.6 litre THP) is evidence of this. This level of performance instils confidence particularly when joining fast moving traffic.

NO COMPROMISE ON SAFETY

Thanks to the vehicle’s tall architecture, the battery pack (all battery components) can be housed under the floor between the wheels, which by lowering the centre of gravity gives the vehicle good dynamic stability. This stability is enhanced further by its standard equipment – ESP, electronic brake force distribution (EBFD) and emergency brake assist (EBA).

When the driver lifts their foot from the accelerator pedal, the momentum of the wheels drives the electric motor (in reverse direction) in electricity-generating mode, providing “engine braking” comparable to that of a conventional vehicle. Braking efficiency is ensured both by energy recovery and the traditional braking circuit. An electric pump creates a vacuum in the brake servo to assist braking.

The same level of safety as a conventional modern car is provided through the design of its structure and its safety equipment: two front air bags, two chest air bags, two curtain air bags, two Isofix child safety seat mountings and an unfastened seat belt warning system for the front and rear seats.

The battery pack, positioned in the most impact resistant area, is encased in a structure constructed from a fibreglass reinforced polymer and steel plates. Transverse reinforcement bars in the battery pack protect it in the event of a side impact and improve the rigidity and torsional strength of the chassis.

Each of the battery cells (88 in total) are enclosed in a parallelepiped stainless-steel case.They are arranged in groups of four or eight in protected modules, positioned in the pack’s structure.

In the event of a collision, a short-circuit protection system isolates the cells and “high voltage” circuits.

Special features relating to recharging of the battery

Normal recharging by means of an earthed household electrical socket is carried out using a special cable with a protective housing which electronically controls continuity of the earth line and can therefore interrupt charging in the event of a fault.

Recharging, rapid and normal, is monitored by voltage and temperature sensors on the battery cells and by the dialogue between the specific battery pack controller and that of the quick-charge unit via the vehicle’s electronic control unit (the car’s “brain”). During rapid recharging, if certain temperature thresholds are reached in one or more elements of the battery, the inside of the battery is cooled by the circulation of ambient “cold” air, or air cooled by the air conditioning, in the battery pack.

Recharging is possible only if the gear selector is in the parking position. Similarly, the vehicle’s ignition is switched off, making it impossible for the car to be started inadvertently with the charging connector in place.

RANGE AND RECHARGING

The iOn is equipped with a new-generation Lithium-ion battery with an energy storage capacity well in excess of the old Ni Cd batteries used in the 1990s (three times more energy per kg or twice as much by unit of volume).

This battery has no memory effect. It can be recharged, even partially, without the need for regular complete discharges.

The battery can be fully recharged in six hours using a single-phase 220 V household supply via a five metre cable fitted with a standard socket and a special plug for connection to the vehicle. For normal charging the driver connects the cable to the household socket or to a standard roadside charging point, while the other end is connected to the socket on the right-hand side of the vehicle (the socket on the left-hand side is reserved for quick recharging). A symbol on the instrument panel and a LED on the cable’s protective housing signal immediate commencement of the battery charging process.It stops automatically when the battery is fully charged.

A quick recharge by means of a special recharging unit connected to a three phase 380 V electrical supply takes fifteen minutes to provide 50% battery capacity and 30 minutes for 80% capacity.

The special cable for quick recharging, rigidly attached to the terminal, is connected to the socket on the lefthand side of the vehicle. The recharging process is monitored and controlled by the dialogue between the vehicle’s electronic control unit and the charging unit controller. Recharging stops automatically when 80% of the full charge is attained (100% is possible with a second re-charge).

THE DRIVING POSITION

The aim of the designers was to create an entirely new vehicle in technological terms, but one that was in keeping with what motorists are currently used to. Therefore the driver occupies a traditional driving position with controls comparable to those found on a conventional vehicle: ignition key, hand brake, four-position gear selector and two pedals as on an automatic car, as well as heating and air conditioning controls, etc.

Turning the ignition key to the first notch supplies the car’s equipment, turning it to the second notch makes the power train operational. The “Ready” light on the instrument panel, accompanied by an audible warning to break the silence, announces that the vehicle is ready to be driven.

The main differences with a conventional internal combustion engined vehicle are on the instrument panel, which has:

- a battery charge indicator (with sixteen positions) letting you know the battery charge level;

- a power meter to encourage economical driving by providing an instantaneous readout of levels of energy consumption or energy recovery during deceleration and braking, by means of a needle which moves across coloured zones:

- the green zone, driving with minimal energy consumption,

- the white zone, “energy hungry” driving,

- the blue “Charge” zone, level of energy recovery;

- the trip computer, as well as the usual information, indicates the available range calculated on the basis of driving conditions recorded over the last 25 kilometres. Parameters taken into account include the type of driving, traffic conditions, the type of journey and use of the heating or air conditioning;

- gradual range reduction warnings and an emergency strategy:

- when the battery charge level falls to two bars, the “gauge” symbol flashes, warning of the need to recharge the battery (17% of energy remaining),

- when the last bar is reached, it too flashes in addition to the “gauge” symbol. Charging is now essential,

- when no bars are displayed any more, the “gauge” symbol stays on and the trip computer indicates no range. The heating and air conditioning are switched off by the vehicle’s onboard systems. The vehicle inertia allows the heater blower to diffuse any remaining hot or cold air. The power of the electric motor is gradually reduced,

- when the requested acceleration can no longer be fully supported a “tortoise” symbol appears on the instrument panel and the vehicle’s performance is reduced,

- the vehicle comes to a complete stop when the minimum battery level is reached.

THE POWER TRAIN

The iOn is a rear-wheel drive vehicle in which the electric motor and single-ratio reduction gearbox are installed in front of the rear suspension. The motor is supplied with a 330 V three-phase alternating current (AC) from the inverter which is supplied with a 330 V direct current (DC) from the main battery pack. The inverter regulates the current, frequency and voltage according to the position of the accelerator pedal. The controlled response when the accelerator is pressed has been designed to ensure a good distribution of power when required.

The inverter, the motor and the reduction gearing provides a potential speed range from 0 to 130 kph. The single reduction gear provides an overall ratio of 6.066 in both forward and reverse gears.

Reverse gear is obtained by reversing the direction of the motor’s operation.

The Neodyme (Nd) synchronous permanent magnet electric motor is particularly compact. With a maximum power of 47 kW.h (64 bhp) it has a maximum torque of 180 Nm from 0 to 2000 rpm.

It consists of:

- a rotating rotor with peripheral magnets positioned with the poles (north and south) alternately towards the exterior;

- on the outside, a fixed stator composed of coils supplied by three independent current phases, creates the magnetic field which turns the rotor.

THE BATTERY

The lithium-ion battery was developed by Lithium Energy Japan (LEJ – joint venture Mitsubishi/GS-Yuasa). They are produced (in Kusatsu in Japan) in the world’s first factory dedicated to the mass production of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. The term lithium-ion covers several technologies. The choice of manganese oxide technology (cathodes with a manganese oxide LiMn2O4 base) is the best option to meet the operating requirements and required safety levels set for the vehicle. Each battery module has four or eight 3.7 V cells and a capacity of 50 Ah. With a total of 88 cells, connected in series, the battery pack can store 16 kWh of electrical energy with a nominal voltage of 330 V. The recharging of each cell in the battery pack is controlled continuously by a control system which includes monitoring of each cell and a central battery controller.

HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING

The electrical air conditioning and heating systems of the passenger compartment are powered from the lithium-ion battery pack.

The heating system operates via the circulation of coolant which is electrically heated. It provides warm air immediately after a cold start or when the vehicle is at a standstill. The power of the heating can be adjusted to obtain just the right level of comfort in order to minimize the consumption of electricity. An optional “cold pack” is available which includes a heated driver’s seat ensuring good thermal comfort when only the driver is present, and optimising the energy usage for the heating of the passenger compartment.

Air conditioning is provided by a refrigeration unit with an electric compressor controlled electronically so that only energy required for the current setting is consumed.

ELECTRICAL FLOWS

When the car is being driven, the inverter transforms 330 V direct current (DC) from the battery into 330 V alternating current (AC) to supply the electric motor. It also controls the electric motor depending on the position of the accelerator and during the energy recovery phase.

The motor is reversible. During deceleration it generates alternating current (AC) which is converted by the inverter to direct current (DC) in order to recharge the drive battery (generator mode).

The on-board charger transforms household 220 V alternating current (AC) into 330 V direct current (DC) to recharge the drive battery. It controls the 14 A input current and the 8 A current supplying the battery.

For quick charging, the 50 kW charging unit directly supplies voltage and direct current to recharge the drive battery. The unit operates on a three-phase 380 V supply (supplied directly from the country’s electrical network). The car’s battery is, therefore, supplied with a single-phase direct current of up to 125 A.

Recharging is monitored and controlled by the dialogue between the vehicle’s electronic control unit and charging unit.Recharging stops automatically when 80% of the full charge is attained. A second recharging phase can be started (after the first 80%), and will continue up to 100% but more slowly, in order to not exceed the maximum voltage of each battery cell.

A (DC) converter incorporated into the on-board charging unit generates a 14 V supply from the 330 V of the drive battery to recharge the 12 V battery supplying the car’s equipment – ECUs, lighting, audio system, power steering, vacuum pump, water pump, etc. It plays the same role as the alternator on an internal combustion engined vehicle.

ELECTRONIC CONTROL

When the car is being driven, the electronic control unit continuously monitors correct operation of the vehicle and controls energy management.

Work was carried out in particular to optimise performance and encourage energy recovery during braking. Regardless of road conditions and battery charge levels, the vehicle controller determines the motor’s operating performance.

The battery has its own checks for phases of recharging, discharge linked to the vehicle’s electronic control unit.

COOLING CIRCUITS

The inverter, on-board charger, (DC) converter and electric motor are cooled by circulating water supplying a radiator positioned at the front of the vehicle. To optimise the life of the battery, if certain temperature thresholds are reached by elements of the battery pack during quick charging, ambient air or air cooled by the air conditioning is circulated through the pack.

2010 Peugeot2010 Peugeot

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